Redis SDS (简单动态字符串) 源码阅读

Redis 源码阅读系列

Posted by ChenJY on April 8, 2018 | Viewed times
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只挑选代表性的方法

sds.h

#ifndef __SDS_H
#define __SDS_H

#define SDS_MAX_PREALLOC (1024*1024)

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdint.h>

typedef char *sds;

//五种不同的 header 类型
/* Note: sdshdr5 is never used, we just access the flags byte directly.
 * However is here to document the layout of type 5 SDS strings. */
//__attribute__ ((__packed__))
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr5 {
    unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, and 5 msb of string length */
    char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr8 {
    uint8_t len; /* used */
    uint8_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
    unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
    char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr16 {
    uint16_t len; /* used */
    uint16_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
    unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
    char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr32 {
    uint32_t len; /* used */
    uint32_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
    unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
    char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr64 {
    uint64_t len; /* used */
    uint64_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
    unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
    char buf[];
};
//len: 字符串的长度
//alloc: 除去表头和null结束符的长度,也就是该类型的sds的最大容量
//flags:最低3个bit用来表示header的类型

//五种类型对应的编号
#define SDS_TYPE_5  0
#define SDS_TYPE_8  1
#define SDS_TYPE_16 2
#define SDS_TYPE_32 3
#define SDS_TYPE_64 4

#define SDS_TYPE_MASK 7
#define SDS_TYPE_BITS 3

#define SDS_HDR_VAR(T,s) struct sdshdr##T *sh = (void*)((s)-(sizeof(struct sdshdr##T)));
//得到头指针,向前便宜header结构体的长度,sdshdr##T 可以拼接成 sdshdr8 的形式
#define SDS_HDR(T,s) ((struct sdshdr##T *)((s)-(sizeof(struct sdshdr##T))))
#define SDS_TYPE_5_LEN(f) ((f)>>SDS_TYPE_BITS)

//返回简单动态字符串的长度
static inline size_t sdslen(const sds s) {
    unsigned char flags = s[-1]; //先得到flag
    switch(flags&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5:
            return SDS_TYPE_5_LEN(flags);
        case SDS_TYPE_8:
            return SDS_HDR(8,s)->len;
        case SDS_TYPE_16:
            return SDS_HDR(16,s)->len;
        case SDS_TYPE_32:
            return SDS_HDR(32,s)->len;
        case SDS_TYPE_64:
            return SDS_HDR(64,s)->len;
    }
    return 0;
}

//返回简单动态字符串的未使用的空间大小
static inline size_t sdsavail(const sds s) {
    unsigned char flags = s[-1];
    switch(flags&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5: {
            return 0;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_8: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(8,s);
            return sh->alloc - sh->len;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_16: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(16,s);
            return sh->alloc - sh->len;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_32: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(32,s);
            return sh->alloc - sh->len;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_64: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(64,s);
            return sh->alloc - sh->len;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

//赋值长度
static inline void sdssetlen(sds s, size_t newlen) {
    unsigned char flags = s[-1];
    switch(flags&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5:
            {
                unsigned char *fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1;
                *fp = SDS_TYPE_5 | (newlen << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
            }
            break;
        case SDS_TYPE_8:
            SDS_HDR(8,s)->len = newlen;
            break;
        case SDS_TYPE_16:
            SDS_HDR(16,s)->len = newlen;
            break;
        case SDS_TYPE_32:
            SDS_HDR(32,s)->len = newlen;
            break;
        case SDS_TYPE_64:
            SDS_HDR(64,s)->len = newlen;
            break;
    }
}

//增加长度
static inline void sdsinclen(sds s, size_t inc) {
    unsigned char flags = s[-1];
    switch(flags&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5:
            {
                unsigned char *fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1;
                unsigned char newlen = SDS_TYPE_5_LEN(flags)+inc;
                *fp = SDS_TYPE_5 | (newlen << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
            }
            break;
        case SDS_TYPE_8:
            SDS_HDR(8,s)->len += inc;
            break;
        case SDS_TYPE_16:
            SDS_HDR(16,s)->len += inc;
            break;
        case SDS_TYPE_32:
            SDS_HDR(32,s)->len += inc;
            break;
        case SDS_TYPE_64:
            SDS_HDR(64,s)->len += inc;
            break;
    }
}
//略... 
#endif
#endif

sds.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "sds.h"
#include "sdsalloc.h"

//header结构大小
static inline int sdsHdrSize(char type) {
    switch(type&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr5);
        case SDS_TYPE_8:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr8);
        case SDS_TYPE_16:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr16);
        case SDS_TYPE_32:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr32);
        case SDS_TYPE_64:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr64);
    }
    return 0;
}
//根据长度选择合适的 header 类型
static inline char sdsReqType(size_t string_size) {
    if (string_size < 1<<5)
        return SDS_TYPE_5;
    if (string_size < 1<<8)
        return SDS_TYPE_8;
    if (string_size < 1<<16)
        return SDS_TYPE_16;
    if (string_size < 1ll<<32)
        return SDS_TYPE_32;
    return SDS_TYPE_64;
}

//根据已有的内容新建 sds 字符串
sds sdsnewlen(const void *init, size_t initlen) {
    void *sh; //头指针
    sds s; // sds
    char type = sdsReqType(initlen); //得到建议的header类型
    /* Empty strings are usually created in order to append. Use type 8
     * since type 5 is not good at this. */
    if (type == SDS_TYPE_5 && initlen == 0) type = SDS_TYPE_8; //空串则选择 SDS_TYPE_8,因为 SDS_TYPE_5 已经弃用了
    int hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type); //header结构长度
    unsigned char *fp; /* flags pointer. */

    //分配内存大小,header + content + null
    sh = s_malloc(hdrlen+initlen+1);
    if (!init)
        memset(sh, 0, hdrlen+initlen+1); //如果创建空串则初始化 0 
    if (sh == NULL) return NULL; //如果分配失败的话返回
    s = (char*)sh+hdrlen; //得到指向 sds content 的指针
    fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1; //向前一字节得到 flag
    //根据 header 类型设置 flag
    switch(type) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5: {
            *fp = type | (initlen << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_8: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(8,s); //得到头指针
            sh->len = initlen; 
            sh->alloc = initlen;
            *fp = type;
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_16: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(16,s);
            sh->len = initlen;
            sh->alloc = initlen;
            *fp = type;
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_32: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(32,s);
            sh->len = initlen;
            sh->alloc = initlen;
            *fp = type;
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_64: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(64,s);
            sh->len = initlen;
            sh->alloc = initlen;
            *fp = type;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (initlen && init)
        memcpy(s, init, initlen); //copy内容过去
    s[initlen] = '\0';//最后补上终止符
    return s;
}

/* Create an empty (zero length) sds string. Even in this case the string
 * always has an implicit null term. */
sds sdsempty(void) {
    return sdsnewlen("",0);
}

/* Create a new sds string starting from a null terminated C string. */
sds sdsnew(const char *init) {
    size_t initlen = (init == NULL) ? 0 : strlen(init);
    return sdsnewlen(init, initlen);
}


/* Enlarge the free space at the end of the sds string so that the caller
 * is sure that after calling this function can overwrite up to addlen
 * bytes after the end of the string, plus one more byte for nul term.
 *
 * Note: this does not change the *length* of the sds string as returned
 * by sdslen(), but only the free buffer space we have. */
sds sdsMakeRoomFor(sds s, size_t addlen) {
    void *sh, *newsh;
    size_t avail = sdsavail(s); //得到可用的长度
    size_t len, newlen;
    char type, oldtype = s[-1] & SDS_TYPE_MASK; //header类型
    int hdrlen;

    /* Return ASAP if there is enough space left. */
    if (avail >= addlen) return s; //可用空间足够就返回

    len = sdslen(s); //得到目前的已用 content 长度
    sh = (char*)s-sdsHdrSize(oldtype); //前移 header 的长度得到头指针
    newlen = (len+addlen); //新的长度
    if (newlen < SDS_MAX_PREALLOC)
        newlen *= 2;
    else
        newlen += SDS_MAX_PREALLOC;

    type = sdsReqType(newlen); //是否需要更新 header

    /* Don't use type 5: the user is appending to the string and type 5 is
     * not able to remember empty space, so sdsMakeRoomFor() must be called
     * at every appending operation. */
    if (type == SDS_TYPE_5) type = SDS_TYPE_8;

    hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);
    if (oldtype==type) { //如果不需要更新 header 类型
        newsh = s_realloc(sh, hdrlen+newlen+1);
        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen; //更新指向 content 的指针
    } else {
        /* Since the header size changes, need to move the string forward,
         * and can't use realloc */
        newsh = s_malloc(hdrlen+newlen+1); //重新分配空间并返回头指针位置
        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
        memcpy((char*)newsh+hdrlen, s, len+1);
        s_free(sh); //释放旧的
        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen; //更新指向新的 content
        s[-1] = type;
        sdssetlen(s, len);
    }
    sdssetalloc(s, newlen);
    return s;
}

//略...

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